Pediatric Pulmonology 2nd Edition 2024 AAP pdf
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Contents
Part 3. Anatomical Disorders................................................................................ 239
Chapter 13. Congenital Abnormalities of the Upper Airway................................... 241
James W. Schroeder Jr, MD, MBA, FACS, FAAP; Susanna A. McColley, MD, FAAP;
and Mary Bono Cataletto, MD, FAAP
Chapter 14. Congenital Lung Anomalies........................................................................253
Brian P. O’Sullivan, MD, and T. Bernard Kinane, MD
Chapter 15. Chest Wall and Spinal Deformities ......................................................... 279
Julie L. Fierro, MD, MPH, and Oscar Henry Mayer, MD
Part 4. Upper Airway Infections .......................................................................... 309
Chapter 16. Croup, Epiglottitis, and Bacterial Tracheitis ......................................... 311
Girish D. Sharma, MD, FAAP, FCCP
Part 5. Lower Airway Infections............................................................................327
Chapter 17. Bronchiectasis ..................................................................................................329
Jordana E. Hoppe, MD, MSCS, and Paul C. Stillwell, MD, FAAP
Chapter 18. Bronchiolitis..................................................................................................... 341
Girish D. Sharma, MD, FAAP, FCCP
Chapter 19. Viral Pneumonia (Including COVID-19)................................................ 353
Michael J. Light, MD; Paul C. Stillwell, MD, FAAP; Nanda Ramchandar, MD, MPH,
FAAP; and Mark H. Sawyer, MD
Chapter 20. Nonviral Pneumonia.....................................................................................365
Michael J. Light, MD; Paul C. Stillwell, MD, FAAP; Nanda Ramchandar, MD, MPH,
FAAP; and Mark H. Sawyer, MD
Chapter 21. Complications of Pneumonia.....................................................................387
Paul C. Stillwell, MD, FAAP
Chapter 22. Recurrent Pneumonia...................................................................................401
Paul Houin, MD, and Paul C. Stillwell, MD, FAAP
Chapter 23. Tuberculosis......................................................................................................411
Carol Conrad, MD
Chapter 24. Nontuberculous Mycobacteria..................................................................453
Stacey L. Martiniano, MD; Patricia Lenhart-Pendergrass, MD, PhD;
and Kenneth N. Olivier, MD, MPH
Part 6. Noninfectious Pulmonary Disorders...............................................467
Chapter 25. Atelectasis ........................................................................................................ 469
Girish D. Sharma, MD, FAAP, FCCP
Chapter 26. Respiratory Disorders Associated With Systemic Inflammatory
Diseases .....................................................................................................................................481
Paul C. Stillwell, MD, FAAP, and Eric D. Zee, MD
Chapter 27. Interstitial Lung Disease..............................................................................505
Pallav Halani, MD, FAAP; Timothy J. Vece, MD; and Adrienne P. Savant, MD, MS
Chapter 28. Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.................................................................... 521
Laurie C. Eldredge, MD, PhD, and Susanna A. McColley, MD, FAAP
Chapter 29. Pleural Effusion (Noninfectious)............................................................. 541
Girish D. Sharma, MD, FAAP, FCCP
Chapter 30. Pneumothorax and Pneumomediastinum............................................ 553
Danna Tauber, MD, MPH
Chapter 31. Pulmonary Hemorrhage ...............................................................................563
Evans M. Machogu, MBChB, MS, FAAP, and Karen Z. Voter, MD, FAAP
Part 7. Pediatric Sleep Medicine ......................................................................... 579
Chapter 32. Development and Maturation of Sleep .................................................. 581
Madeleine Grigg-Damberger, MD
Chapter 33. Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome ....................................................... 603
Courtney M. Quinlan, DO, MS, and Suzanne E. Beck, MD
Chapter 34. Sleep Testing in the Laboratory and Home ..........................................617
Deborah M. Brooks, MD, and Lee J. Brooks, MD, FAAP
Chapter 35. Sleep-Related Movement Disorders ........................................................633
Jennifer Accardo, MD, MSCE
Chapter 36. Insomnia............................................................................................................643
Priya Prashad, MD, MSCE, DABSM
Chapter 37. Parasomnias...................................................................................................... 651
Priya Prashad, MD, MSCE, DABSM
Chapter 38. Narcolepsy and Other Disorders of Excessive Somnolence...........659
Nadav Traeger, MD, DABSM, FCCP, FAAP
Chapter 39. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Brief, Resolved,
Unexplained Events ..............................................................................................................671
Zarmina Ehsan, MD, FAAP
Chapter 40. Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome.................................681
Iris A. Perez, MD, FAAP; Emily S. Gillett, MD, PhD, FAAP; and Thomas G. Keens,
MD, FAAP
Part 8. Other Pulmonary Issues..........................................................................697
Chapter 41. Acute Aspiration and Chronic Aspiration–Related
Lung Disease...........................................................................................................................699
Jade B. Tam-Williams, MD, FAAP
Chapter 42. Lung Transplantation................................................................................... 721
Carol Conrad, MD
Chapter 43. Asthma and Other Respiratory Disorders Associated
With Obesity............................................................................................................................747
Mutasim Abu-Hasan, MD, and David Fedele, PhD, ABPP
Chapter 44. Functional Respiratory Disorders ............................................................763
Miles Weinberger, MD, FAAP; Manju S. Hurvitz, MD, FAAP;
and Mutasim Abu-Hasan, MD
Part 9. Genetic Disorders........................................................................................779
Chapter 45. Cystic Fibrosis .................................................................................................781
Michael S. Schechter, MD, MPH, FAAP
Chapter 46. Cystic Fibrosis Newborn Screening and CFTR-Related
Metabolic Syndrome ............................................................................................................807
Danieli B. Salinas, MD, MS, and Clement L. Ren, MD, MBA
Chapter 47. Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia and Other Genetic Lung Diseases ......817
Madhuri Penugonda, MD; Nico W. Vehse, MD; Thomas W. Ferkol, MD; and
Bruce K. Rubin, MEngr, MD, MBA, FRCPC, FAAP
Part 10. Lung Disease Associated With Systemic Disorders.............849
Chapter 48. Respiratory Considerations in Children With Cardiac Disease.... 851
Yehudit Pollack, MD, and Sankaran Krishnan, MD, MPH
Chapter 49. Lung Disease Associated With Endocrine Disorders....................... 869
Michael J. Light, MD, and Martin Draznin, MD
Chapter 50. Pulmonary Complications of Gastrointestinal Diseases .................875
Edward W. Fong, MD
Chapter 51. Pulmonary Complications of Sickle Cell Disease ...............................891 Robyn T. Cohen, MD, MPH Chapter 52. Pulmonary Manifestations of Oncologic Disease and Treatment......................................................................................................................... 913 Mary Bono Cataletto, MD, FAAP, and Caitlin Hurley, MD Chapter 53. Pulmonary Complications of Immunologic Disorders.................... 929 Jay Jin, MD, PhD, and Clement L. Ren, MD, MBA Chapter 54. Pulmonary Complications of Neuromuscular Disorders.................947 Girish D. Sharma, MD, FAAP, FCCP Part 11. Treating and Managing Pulmonary Disease..............................969 Chapter 55. Airway Clearance Techniques ....................................................................971 Karen Ann Hardy, MD, FATS Chapter 56. Aerosol Delivery of Medication.................................................................991 Ariel Berlinski, MD, FAAP, FAARC Chapter 57. Bronchodilators............................................................................................1005 John Welter, MD; H. William Kelly, PharmD; and Leslie Hendeles, PharmD Chapter 58. Antibiotics for Pulmonary Conditions .................................................1019 Michael J. Light, MD; Nanda Ramchandar, MD, MPH, FAAP; and John S. Bradley, MD, FAAP Chapter 59. Nutritional Aspects of Pulmonary Conditions..................................1045 Ellen K. Bowser, MS, RDN, LDN, RN, FAND, and Mary H. Wagner, MD Chapter 60. Oxygen Therapy...........................................................................................1061 Shyall Bhela, MD, and Sankaran Krishnan, MD, MPH Chapter 61. Nicotine and Tobacco.................................................................................1083 Harold J. Farber, MD, MSPH, FAAP, and Marianna Martin Sockrider, MD, DrPH, FAAP Chapter 62. Tracheostomy.................................................................................................1111 Amy S. Whigham, MD, MS-HPEd Chapter 63. Home Ventilation..........................................................................................1125 Howard B. Panitch, MD, and Thomas G. Keens, MD, FAAP Index ............................................................................................................................1145
Preface
We are pleased to present the second edition of Pediatric Pulmonology. While
the first edition was intended for primary care physicians, many pediatric
pulmonologists have come to rely on “the blue book” as an excellent reference. In the second edition, we attempted to provide a broad-based reference
that would be useful to subspecialists while still being a most useful reference
for primary care physicians, residents, and students. Recognizing that an
ever-growing number of pulmonology sections and practices include sleep
medicine specialists, this edition dedicates a full section to pediatric sleep
medicine—expanding beyond apparent life-threatening events (now termed
brief, resolved, unexplained events) and sleep-disordered breathing to include
information on normal sleep, sleep-related movement disorders, sleep-wake
disorders, and disorders of excessive somnolence.
As with the first, this edition begins by covering the fundamental topics of
lung anatomy, pulmonary physiology, and the basics of eliciting a thorough
pulmonary history and physical examination. Among the many updates
throughout the book, the chapters on cystic fibrosis and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-related metabolic syndrome are
significantly different, as they reflect the many developments and advances in
the treatment of these disorders since the first edition was published in 2011.
In addition, the section on lower airway infections was updated and expanded
with more in-depth coverage of pneumonia and the complications of pneumonia, including pneumonia caused by COVID-19.
Dr Light, editor in chief of the first edition, returns to lend his experience and
expertise to this revision, collaborating this time with Dr Van Hook, past chair
of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Section on Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine, as well as an esteemed team of associate editors.
This update would not have been possible without the tireless efforts of Chris
Wiberg, our liaison with American Academy of Pediatrics Publishing; we are
indebted to him for his assistance. We would also like to thank the authors of
the individual chapters, who spent countless hours researching and revising
their individual contributions to make this book possible.